E-Mail, Social Networking and E-Governance Services
Electronic mail
Electronic mail can be
defined as a system for sending and receiving messages electronically over a
computer network.
Today’s E-mail systems
are based on a store-and-forward model.
E-mails are routed to
different E-mail accounts through E-mail server.
E-mail servers accept,
forward, deliver and store messages.
E-mail may be defined as
a system of worldwide electronic communication in which a computer user can
compose a message at one terminal that can be regenerated at the recipient’s
terminal when the recipient Login.
Users can also read their
E-mails offline.
E-mails allow users to
communicate with each other in less time and at nominal cost as compared to
traditional phone or mail services.
Advantages of E-Mail
- Speed and Efficiency
Instant
Delivery: E-mails are delivered almost instantaneously, making
communication fast and efficient.
Global
Reach: E-mails can be sent to anyone, anywhere in the world,
without the delays associated with traditional mail.
- Cost-Effective
Low
Cost: Sending an e-mail is typically free or very low cost,
especially compared to traditional postal services.
No
Physical Supplies Needed: E-mails eliminate the need for
paper, envelopes, and stamps.
- Convenience and Accessibility
24/7
Availability: E-mail services are available round the
clock, allowing users to send and receive messages at any time.
Access
from Multiple Devices: E-mails can be accessed from
computers, smartphones, tablets, and other internet-enabled devices.
- Documentation and Record Keeping
Easy
Archiving: E-mails can be easily stored and archived for future
reference.
Searchable:
E-mail clients typically have powerful search functions, making it easy to find
specific messages or information.
- Attachments and Multimedia
File
Sharing: E-mails allow users to attach files, such as
documents, images, and videos, making it easy to share important information.
Rich
Formatting: Modern e-mail clients support rich text
formatting, allowing for more visually appealing messages.
- Environmentally Friendly
Reduced
Paper Use: By eliminating the need for paper, e-mail helps
reduce the environmental impact associated with traditional mail.
Disadvantages of E-Mail
- Security Risks
Phishing
and Scams: E-mail is a common vector for phishing attacks and
scams, posing risks to users' personal information.
Spam:
Users often receive unwanted and unsolicited e-mails, which can clutter their
inboxes and waste time.
- Privacy Concerns
Data
Breaches: E-mails can be intercepted or hacked, leading to
potential data breaches and loss of sensitive information.
Tracking:
Some e-mails can contain tracking codes that monitor when and where an e-mail
is opened.
- Overload and Mismanagement
Inbox
Overload: Users can easily become overwhelmed with the volume
of e-mails, leading to important messages being overlooked.
Time-Consuming:
Managing a high volume of e-mails can be time-consuming and distract from other
important tasks.
- Miscommunication
Lack
of Tone and Context: Written communication can sometimes be
misinterpreted without the non-verbal cues present in face-to-face or voice
communication.
Delayed
Responses: Unlike real-time communication methods, e-mails can
lead to delays in receiving responses.
- Technical Issues
Dependence
on Technology: E-mail relies on internet access and
functioning e-mail servers, which can sometimes fail or experience downtime.
Compatibility
Issues: Different e-mail clients and systems may have
compatibility issues, affecting the formatting and delivery of messages.
- Legal and Compliance Issues
Regulatory
Compliance: Businesses must comply with various
regulations regarding e-mail communication, such as data protection and privacy
laws.
Legal
Evidence: E-mails can be used as legal evidence, which can be a
disadvantage if the content is sensitive or contentious.
Structure of an E-Mail
An e-mail typically
consists of several key components, each serving a specific purpose in the
communication process. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the structure of an
e-mail:
1. Header
From:
The sender’s e-mail address.
To:
The recipient’s e-mail address.
Cc
(Carbon Copy): Additional recipients who will receive a
copy of the e-mail.
Bcc
(Blind Carbon Copy): Additional recipients who will receive a
copy of the e-mail without others knowing.
Date:
The date and time the e-mail was sent.
Subject:
A brief summary or title of the e-mail content.
2. Salutation
Greeting:
The opening of the e-mail, addressing the recipient. Common greetings include
“Dear [Name],” “Hi [Name],” or “Hello [Name],”.
3. Body
Introduction:
The first part of the e-mail, providing context or stating the purpose of the
e-mail.
Main
Content: The detailed message or information being conveyed.
This section can be divided into paragraphs to enhance readability.
Closing
Remarks: The final part of the body, summarizing the message
or stating any action required from the recipient.
4. Signature
Closing:
A polite way to end the e-mail, such as “Sincerely,” “Best regards,” or “Thank
you,”.
Signature
Block: The sender’s name, job title, company name, and
contact information.
5. Attachments
Files
or documents included with the e-mail. These can be various formats like PDFs,
images, or Word documents.
E-mail Signature
An E-mail signature is a
block of text appended to the end of an E-mail message.
It contains the sender’s
name and contact information.
Social Networking
Social network is a way
of making internet-based connections.
People use social
networking sites to connect with their family, friends, colleagues etc.
Using these sites, they
can share their information and ideas with the persons they want to connect.
LinkedIn
It is founded by Reid
Hoffman in 2002.
LinkedIn is an American
site which provides business and employment-oriented services.
LinkedIn is a platform
that allows business people and professionals all over the world, regardless of
their industry, to connect with other professionals.
It’s great for meeting
customers, getting in touch with vendors, recruiting new employees and keeping
up with the latest in business or industry news.
Facebook
It is an American social
networking which was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg.
Facebook is a social
networking site which user uses to connect with their family, friends and one
they know or want to know.
Now a days, Facebook is
very popular among the people.
Facebook allows you to
upload photos and maintain photo albums that can be shared with your friends.
It supports interactive
online chat and the ability to comment on your friend’s profile pages to keep
in touch.
Instant Messaging
Instant Messaging (IM) is
an Internet service.
It allows people to
communicate with each other in real time through an instant messaging software.
Unlike E-mail, instant
messaging allows message from one person to appear right away on the other
person’s computer screen right after the send button is pressed.
It allows effective and
efficient communication, allowing immediate receipt of acknowledgement or
reply. However, IM is basically not necessarily supported by transaction
control.
Common Instant Messaging
Software:
WhatsApp
It was founded in 2009 by
Brian Acton and Jan Koum former employees of Yahoo.
WhatsApp messenger is a
cross platform instant messaging application that allows iPhone, BlackBerry,
Android, Windows phone and Nokia smartphone users to exchange text, image,
video and audio messages for free.
It is especially popular
with end users who do not have unlimited text messaging. In addition to basic
messaging, WhatsApp provides group chat and location sharing options.
Facebook Messenger
It is an instant
messaging feature built into Facebook that originally launched in 2011.
Facebook messenger is a
mobile app that enables chat, voice and video communications between the social
media site’s web-based messaging and smartphone.
Telegram
It is an online messaging
app that works just like popular messaging apps WhatsApp and Facebook
Messenger.
It is to send messages to
your friends when connected to Wi-Fi or your mobile data.
Telegram is cloud based
and claims that is prioritizes security and speed, making it a good alternative
to other popular messaging apps.
The service launched in
2013 and since then it has reached 200 million active monthly users.
Introduction to Blogs
A blog is a website or a
web page, in which an individual records opinion links to other sites on
regular basis.
A blog content is written
frequently and added in a chronological order.
It is written online and
visible to everyone.
A typical blog combines
text, images and links to other blogs, web pages and other media related to its
topic.
In education, blogs can be used as
instructional resources.
These blogs are referred
to as edublogs.
The entries of blog are
also known as posts.
A person who writes a
blog or a weblog is known as blogger.
Blogging is the act of
posting content on a blog. There are some popular websites which offer blog
service as follows:
● Joomla
● WordPress.com
● Drupal
● Blogger
● Tumblr
● Weebly
E-Commerce
E-Commerce (Electronic
Commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the
Internet.
E-Commerce draws on
technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain
management,
Internet marketing,
online transaction processing, electronic data interchange, inventory
management systems and automated data collection systems
Types of E-Commerce
E-Commerce business
models can generally be categorized into the following categories as follows:
Business-to-Business
(B2B) It applies to businesses buying from and selling to each other over the
Internet.
Online access of data,
including expected shipping date, delivery date and shipping status, provided
either by the seller or a third-party provider is widely supported by B2B
models. Common B2C E-Business models include E-Ships and E-mails.
An example of a B2C
transaction would be a person buying a pair of shoes from a retailer.
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
It describes activities
of business serving and consumers with products and services.
Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
It applies to any
consumer that sells a product or service to a business over the Internet.
One example of this
E-Business model is Priceline.com where customers set their prices for items
such as airline tickets or hotel rooms and sellers decide whether to supply
them.
The demand for C2B
E-Business will increase over the next few years due to customer’s desire for
greater convenience at lower price.
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
It involves the
electronically facilitated transactions between consumers through third party.
A common example is the
online auction, in which consumer posts an item for a sell and other consumer
id to purchase it, a third party generally charges a commission.
E-Bay is the most
successful C2C online auction website.
Business-to-Government (B2G) B2G model is a variant of B2B model.
Websites are used by
governments to trade and exchange information with various business
organizations.
Government-to-Business (G2B)
Governments use G2B model
websites to approach business organizations
Netiquettes
The word netiquette is a
combination of net (from Internet) and etiquette.
It means respecting other
users, views and displaying common etiquette when posting views to online
discussion groups.
The need of netiquette
arises mostly while sending or distributing E-mail posting on UseNet groups or
chatting.
It is short for ‘Internet
etiquette’.
Etiquette is a code of
polite behavior in society, netiquette is a code of good behavior on the
Internet.
It includes several
aspects of the Internet, such as E-mail, social media, online chat, web forums,
website comments and other types of online communication.
Rules to follow for good
netiquette:
● Avoid posting
inflammatory or offensive comments online.
● Respect other’s privacy
by not sharing personal information, photos or videos that another person may
not want published online.
● Never spam others by
sending large amounts of unsolicited E-mail.
● Do not troll people in
web forums or website comments by repeatedly nagging or annoying them.
● Do not use offensive
language.
● Do not trust others
when you are new.
● Avoid replying to
negative comments with more negative comments.
● Stick to the topic when
posting in online forums or when commenting on photos or videos,
such as YouTube or Facebook comments.
E-Governance
It refers to the use by
government agencies of information technologies (such as Internet and mobile
computing).
It has the ability to
transform relations with citizens, businesses and other arms of government.
Through E-Governance,
government services are made available to citizens in a convenient, efficient
and transparent manner.
Passport
A passport is a travel
document issued by a country ’s government to its citizens that verifies the
identity and nationality of the holder for the purpose of international travel.
Passports are small
booklets that typically contain the bearer’s name, place of birth, date of
birth, the date of issue, date of expiry, passport number, photo and signature.
E-Hospital (ORS)
Online Registration
System (ORS) is an online portal where citizens having Aadhaar can enroll for
appointments in hospitals across various states and Union Territories of India.
Through this service,
getting an OPD appointment, lab reports and blood availability in any
government hospital has become online and easy.
ORS is one of the Digital
India programs launched by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi out of the 13
launches made at the Digital India Week.
Accessing E-Governance Services on Mobile
Using UMANG App Unified
Mobile Application for New-age Governance (UMANG) has been developed by
National e-Governance Division (NeGD) and Ministry of Electronics and
Information Technology (Meity) with the aim of driving mobile governance in
India.
UMANG app is a unified
application that can be used to avail a number of pan India e-Government
Services such as filing income tax, making Aadhaar and provident fund queries,
booking a gas cylinder, passport seva, among others.
The application will
enable users to access e-Government services from the central government, the
state government, local bodies and their agencies.
UMANG App Key Features
UMANG App key features
are as follows:
● It brings together all
government departments and their services on a single platform to
provide better and easier services to
citizens.
● It provides seamless
integration with other digital India services like Aadhaar, Digilocker
, PayGov, etc.
● It is designed to
enable citizens to discover, download, access and use all government services
easily.
● It supports Aadhaar
based and other authentication mechanisms for service access.
● The sensitive profile
data is saved in encrypted format and no one can view this information
Digital Locker/DigiLocker:
Prime Minister Narendra
Modi on 1st July, 2015 launched digital locker facility to help citizens to
digitally store their important documents like PAN card, passport, mark sheets
and degree certificates.
With the help of this
portal, the sharing of the e-documents will be done through registered
repositories thereby ensuring the authenticity of the documents online.
Organizations like the CBSE, Registrar office or Income Tax department can also push electronic copies of documents and certificates directly into your E-lockers.
(a) E-mail
(b) FTP
(c) Browsing
(d) None of these
Answer: a
2. E-mails are routed to different E-mail accounts through
(a) Web server
(b) E-mail server
(c) browser
(d) None of these
Answer: b
3. ............. attached with an E-mail could seriously affect your computer.
(a) Message
(b) Virus horse
(c) Worm
(d) Trojan
Answer: b
4. An E-mail address is made up of ……… parts joined by an ‘@’ sign.
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) None of these
Answer: a
5. Which of the following domain is used for non-profit organisation?
(a) .com
(b) .edu
(c) .mil
(d) .org
Answer: d
6. In E-mail, …… gives us information about the message such as unique identity of the message.
(a) Subject
(b) Header
(c) Body
(d) Attachment
Answer: b
7. Which of following is not an example of E-mail account?
(a) www. gmail.com
(b) www. msn.com
(c) www. yahoo.com
(d) www. altavista. com
Answer: d
8. The contents of ............. will display first which means that the list of received mails will appear.
(a) Inbox folder
(b) Outbox folder
(c) Sent items folder
(d) Delete items folder
Answer: a
9. Your half-finished messages are stored in
(a) Inbox
(b) Outbox
(c) Drafts
(d) None of these
Answer: c
10. Which of the following folders are used to keep E-mail messages sent but not deleted?
(a) Inbox
(b) Outbox
(c) Sent Items
(d) Deleted
Answer: c
11. Which of the following is one of the basic elements of an E-mail message?
(a) Header
(b) Message
(c) Footer
(d) (d) Signature
Answer: d
12. If user wants to reply to all the recipients, then he will click on
(a) Reply
(b) All Reply
(c) Reply to all
(d) None of these
Answer: c
13. Which button (followed by Send) is used to send a copy of received E-mail to someone else?
(a) Forward
(b) Reply
(c) Back
(d) Reply All
Answer: a
14. An E-mail …… is a block of text appended to the end of an E-mail message which often contains the sender’s name and contact information.
(a) Header
(b) Signature
(c) Attachment
(d) Body
Answer: b
15. Which of the following is a way of making Internet based connections?
(a) E-Commerce
(b) Blog
(c) E-Governance
(d) Social Network
Answer: d
16. Which of the following is not a social networking site?
(a) Facebook
(b) LinkedIn
(c) Instagram
(d) Telegram
Answer: d
17. Twitter enables user to send and read short messages called …… .
(a) Tweets
(b) Blogs
(c) Messages
(d) Posts
Answer: a
18. Which social networking site provides business and employment oriented services?
(a) Facebook
(b) Twitter
(c) LinkedIn
(d) Instagram
Answer: c
19. Which social networking site was acquired by Facebook in 2012?
(a) Instagram
(b) LinkedIn
(c) YouTube
(d) Telegram
Answer: a
20. Which type of messaging is a software utility that connects users through Internet?
(a) Fast messaging
(b) Instant messaging
(c) Immediate messaging
(d) Instant accessing
Answer: b
21. WhatsApp was founded in 2009 by
(a) Mark Zuckerberg
(b) Steve Jobs
(c) Brian Acton and Jan Kaum
(d) Mark Zuckerberg and Steve Jobs
Answer: c
22. Which instant messenger is cloud based and claims that is prioritizes security and speed?
(a) Telegram
(b) Facebook
(c) WhatsApp
(d) Twitter
Answer: a
23. A/An …… is a website in which an individual records opinion links to other sites on regular basis.
(a) Blog
(b) Message
(c) Memo
(d) Advice
Answer: a
24. A person who writes a blog or a weblog is known as …… .
(a) Blogs
(b) Blogger
(c) Messenger
((d) Writer
Answer: b
25. Which of the following is a website which offer blog service?
(a) Joomla
(b) WordPress
(c) Drupal
(d) All of these
Answer: d
26. It is a buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet.
(a) E-Commerce
(b) E-Business
(c) E-Governance
(d) E-Service
Answer: a
27. Which of the following describes activities of business serving and consumers with products and services?
(a) C2B
(b) B2B
(c) B2C
(d) C2C
Answer: c
28. Rules of behavior to be followed on Internet communication are called
(a) Netiquette
(b) Protocol
(c) Regulation
(d) None of these
Answer: a
29. Netiquette is short for
(a) Net etiquette
(b) Internet etiquette
(c) Etiquette
(d) None of these
Answer: b
30. E-Governance simplifies the process of information accumulation for citizens and
(a) business
(b) government
(c) schools
(d) private offices
Answer: a
31. Government to citizen relationship is the most important aspect of
(a) E-Commerce
(b) E-Business
(c) E-Governance
(d) E-Citizen
Answer: c
32. Which of the following is a travel document issued by a country’s government to its citizens?
(a) Passport
(b) Aadhaar card
(c) PAN card
(d) None of these
Answer: a
33. E-Hospital is also known as
(a) Electronic Hospital
(b) Digital Hospital
(c) Online Registration System (ORS)
(d) Outpatient Department
Answer: c
34. Which App has been developed by NeGD and Meity with the aim of driving mobile governance in India?
(a) UMANG
(b) BHIM
(c) Digilocker
(d) All of these
Answer: a
35. Who launched digital locker facility to help citizens?
(a) Home Minister
(b) Chief Minister
(c) Health Minister
(d) Prime Minister
Answer: d
36. Which App is used to digitally store their important documents like PAN card, Passport etc.?
(a) DigiLocker
(b) BHIM
(c) UMANG
(d) PhonePe
Answer: a
Reviewed by Syed Hafiz Choudhary
on
August 06, 2024
Rating:
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