Introduction to Internet and WWW

 Introduction to Internet

• Internet is a global computer network.
  
  
• It provides a variety of information and communication facilities.
  
  
• It consists of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

History of Internet

In 1969, the University of California at Los Angeles, the University of Utah and some other universities were connected as the beginning of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) using 50 Kbits circuits. The aim of the project was to connect computers at different universities and US defense. In mid 80s another federal agency, the National Science Foundation, created a new high-capacity network called NSFnet, which was more capable than ARPANET. The only drawback of NSFnet was that it allowed only academic research on its network and not any kind of private business on it.

Application Of Internet

The internet has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate.

1. Communication:

Email: It allows users to send and receive messages quickly and efficiently.

Instant Messaging: Platforms like WhatsApp, Telegram, and Slack enable real-time text communication.

Video Conferencing: Tools such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Google Meet facilitate virtual meetings and face-to-face communication over the internet.

Social media: Websites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn help people connect, share information, and stay in touch.

2. Information Retrieval:

Search Engines: Google, Bing, and Yahoo allow users to find information on any topic quickly.

Online Encyclopedias and Databases: Wikipedia, Britannica, and academic databases provide access to vast amounts of information and research.

News Websites: Sites like CNN, BBC, and The New York Times offer the latest news and updates on various topics.

3. Education:

E-Learning Platforms: Coursera, Udemy, Khan Academy, and edX provide online courses and learning materials.

Virtual Classrooms: Tools like Google Classroom and Moodle enable remote teaching and learning.

Research: Access to academic journals, research papers, and scholarly articles through platforms like JSTOR and Google Scholar.

4. E-Commerce:

Online Shopping: Websites like Amazon, eBay, and Alibaba allow users to buy and sell products online.

Digital Payments: Services like PayPal, Venmo, and digital wallets enable secure online transactions.

Online Banking: Banks offer internet banking services for account management, money transfers, and bill payments.

5. Entertainment:

Streaming Services: Platforms like Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, and YouTube provide access to movies, TV shows, and videos.

Music Streaming: Services such as Spotify, Apple Music, and SoundCloud offer vast libraries of music.

Online Gaming: Multiplayer games, cloud gaming, and esports through platforms like Steam, PlayStation Network, and Xbox Live.

6. Social Networking:

Community Building: Websites and apps like Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Twitter help people build and maintain social connections.

Content Sharing: Platforms like Reddit, Tumblr, and Pinterest allow users to share and discover content based on their interests.

7. Healthcare:

Telemedicine: Services that enable remote consultations with doctors and healthcare professionals.

Health Information: Access to medical information, research, and patient education materials through websites like WebMD and Mayo Clinic.

Fitness and Wellness: Apps and websites that provide fitness routines, nutrition advice, and mental health resources.

8. Work and Collaboration:

Remote Work Tools: Platforms like Slack, Asana, and Trello help teams collaborate and manage projects online.

Cloud Computing: Services like Google Drive, Dropbox, and Microsoft OneDrive offer cloud storage and file sharing.

Freelancing: Websites like Upwork, Freelancer, and Fiverr connect freelancers with clients for various projects.

9. Travel and Navigation:

Online Booking: Websites like Expedia, Booking.com, and Airbnb allow users to book flights, hotels, and vacation rentals.

Navigation and Maps: Tools like Google Maps and Waze provide directions, traffic updates, and location information.

Travel Reviews and Guides: Platforms like TripAdvisor and Lonely Planet offer reviews, travel tips, and destination guides.

10. Finance and Investing:

Online Trading: Platforms like Robinhood, E*TRADE, and TD Ameritrade enable users to trade stocks, bonds, and other securities.

Cryptocurrencies: Websites and exchanges like Coinbase and Binance facilitate the buying, selling, and trading of cryptocurrencies.

Personal Finance Management: Apps like Mint and YNAB help users manage their finances, budget, and track expenses.

WWW (World Wide Web)

• The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the web.
  
  
• It is a global information system
  
  
• It allows users to access and interact with a vast amount of information over the internet.
  
  
• It consists of all the public websites connected to the Internet world wide.
  
  
• It includes the client devices (computers, cell phones, etc.) that access web content

Web Server

A web server is a software and hardware system that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other protocols to respond to client requests made over the World Wide Web. The primary function of a web server is to store, process, and deliver web pages to clients.

• It is a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.
• It hosts the developed website.
• The server computer delivers request web pages to the client computers that are requested.
• A web server that is connected to the Internet with a unique address i.e. IP address made up of a series of four numbers between 0 to 255 separated by periods(.). e.g. 68.178.157.132 or 68.122.35.127.
• Examples: Apache HTTP Server, Nginx, Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)

Web Page

• The backbone of the world wide web is made of files, called pages or web pages.
• It contains information and links to resources both text and multimedia throughout the Internet.
• It is created using HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
• The web is a collection of large number of computer documents or web pages that are stored on computers around the world and are connected to one another using hyperlinks.
• Web pages can be seen or browse by anyone through a web browser.

Web Browser

A web browser or simply browser is special software required at the client side.

It enables the users to read/view web pages and jump from one web page to another.

It displays a web page and interprets its HTML codes.

It is the software that is needed to find, retrieve, view and send information over the Internet.

 Browsers are of two types:

1. Text-Based

Web Browsers are the web browsers that support text only, i.e. these browsers do not support graphics. e.g. Lynx is a text browser.

2. Graphical-Based

Web Browsers provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) where the user can jump from one web page to another by clicking on the hyperlink on a web page. E.g. Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, etc.

Mozilla Firefox:

It has been developed by a company called Mozilla Corporation.

It is a free and open source web browser.

It was initially released in September 2002.

It was earlier named Phoenix, Firebird and eventually Firefox.

It can be downloaded from www.mozilla.org

Google Chrome:

Web browser was developed by Google.

Its beta and commercial versions were released in September 2008 for Microsoft Windows.

Google Chrome is the fastest and most secure web browser for Windows.

Safari

It is a web browser developed by Apple incorporation and compatible with Mac OSX, Microsoft Windows, and iPhone OS.

It was first released as a public beta in January 2003.

Safari provides good support for latest technologies like XHTML, CSS2, etc.

It can be downloaded from www.apple.com website.

Internet Explorer

Internet Explorer (IE) is a product of Microsoft Corporation USA.

This is the most commonly used browser in the universe.

It is based on first web browser software Mosaic.

This was developed in 1994 and released in 1995.

It can be easily downloaded from www.microsoft.com website.

Opera

It is a web browser which is available in market due to its fast, safe and secure browsing.

It was initially released in April 1995.

It is available for PCs and various mobile platforms as opera mini.

It can be downloaded from www.opera.com.

Lynx

It is one of the oldest web browser developed in 1992.

It is a text based web browsing software which has been developed in Kansas University of USA.

It is basically used for Unix operating system.

It does not support multimedia files so you cannot see any graphics or other media files.

Netscape Navigator

Netscape was introduced in 1994.

It has been developed by Netscape Communication Corporation of USA.

It is available in many versions for various platforms such as Windows, Linux, Unix, Macintosh etc.

It can be downloaded from its official website: http://browser.netscape.com

Computer Network

• A computer network is a collection of two or more computers connected together to share information and resources.
  
  
• It is a combination of hardware and software that allows communication between computers over a network.
  
  
• The computers may be connected via any data communication link, like wires, cables, satellite links and other communication.

Benefits of Computer Network

1. Data and File Sharing Networking of computer helps the users to share data and files.

2. Hardware Sharing Users can share devices such as printers, scanners, CD-ROM drives, hard drives, etc.

3. Storage Capacity Users can access files and multimedia, such as images and music, which you store remotely on other machines or network attached storage devices.

4. Application Sharing Applications can be shared over the network. It allows implementation of client/server applications.

Types of Computer Network

Local Area Network (LAN)

LAN is a small and single site network.

A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance.

It is a system in which computers are interconnected and the geographical area such as home, office, buildings, school may be within a building or around 1 km.

LANs are typically owned, controlled and managed by a single person or organisation.

It uses certain specific connectivity technologies, primarily Ethernet and Token Ring. Print server allows

Data transfer rate in LAN is 10 to 100 Mbps.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

It is a data network designed for a town or city.

It connects an area larger than a LAN, but smaller than a WAN.

Its main purpose is to share hardware and software resources by the various users.

Cable TV network is an example of metropolitan area network.

The computers in a MAN are connected using co-axial cables or fiber optic cables.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

It is a geographically dispersed collection of LANs.

The Internet can be considered as WAN as well. A WAN like Internet, can expand most of the world.

A network device called a router connects LANs to a WAN.

It uses telephone lines, satellite links and other long range communication technologies to connect (as communication media).

WANs are not owned by any one organisation, but rather exist under collective or distributed ownership and management.

WANs use technology like ATM, Frame Relay and X.25 for connectivity.

Network Topology

Network topology refers to the arrangement of different elements (links, nodes, etc.) in a computer network.

It is the layout pattern of interconnections between the various components of a network.

Its knowledge is essential for designing and managing networks.

Topology can be referred as the geometric arrangement of a computer system. Each computer system in a topology is known as node.

Bus Topology:

Description: All devices are connected to a single central cable, known as the bus or backbone.

Advantages:

• Easy to install and extend.
• Requires less cable length than some other topologies.

Disadvantages:

• Difficult to troubleshoot and maintain.
• If the main cable fails, the entire network goes down.
• Limited cable length and number of stations.

Use Cases: Small networks, temporary networks.

Star Topology:

Description: All devices are connected to a central hub or switch. The hub acts as a repeater for data flow.

Advantages:

• Easy to install and manage.
• Failure of one cable does not affect other devices.
• Easy to detect and troubleshoot faults.

Disadvantages:

• Requires more cable length than a bus.
• If the central hub fails, the entire network is affected.

Use Cases: LANs in offices, schools, and home networks.

Ring Topology:

Description: Each device is connected to two other devices, forming a circular data path.

Advantages:

• Data is transmitted with consistent performance.
• Simple to install and reconfigure.

Disadvantages:

• A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.
• More difficult to troubleshoot.

• Use Cases: Networks where high-speed transmission is required, such as MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks).

Mesh Topology:

Description: Every device is connected to every other device in the network.

Advantages:

• Highly reliable, with redundant connections.
• Easy to detect and troubleshoot faults.
• Robust against failures.

Disadvantages:

• Expensive due to the large amount of cabling and network interfaces required.
• Complex to install and manage.

Use Cases: WANs (Wide Area Networks), large and critical networks requiring high reliability.

Tree Topology:

Description: A hybrid topology that combines characteristics of star and bus topologies. Hierarchical structure with a root node and multiple levels of nodes.

Advantages:

• Scalable and easy to expand.
• Easy to manage and maintain.
• Fault isolation is easier.

Disadvantages:

• If the root node fails, the entire network can be affected.
• More cabling required compared to a bus topology.

Use Cases: Large networks, enterprise networks.

Hybrid Topology:

Description: A combination of two or more different types of topologies.

Advantages:

• Flexible and scalable.
• Can be designed to meet specific needs.

Disadvantages:

• Complex design and implementation.
• Higher cost due to multiple topologies.

Use Cases: Large organizations with diverse network requirements.

MAC Address

A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.

Definition: A MAC address is a hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network.

Structure: MAC addresses are 48-bit (6 bytes) in length and are usually represented in hexadecimal format. They are typically written as 12 hexadecimal digits, often separated by colons (:) or hyphens (-), such as 00: 1A:2B: 3C:4D:5E.

Importance of MAC Addresses

Network Communication: MAC addresses are essential for network communication within a local network. They are used by switches to forward data to the correct destination.

Security: Network security protocols often use MAC addresses to filter and control access to the network.

Troubleshooting: MAC addresses are used in network diagnostics to identify devices and track network activity.

IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

The IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) is a unique identifier assigned to mobile phones and other cellular devices.

Definition: The IMEI is a unique 15-digit number assigned to each mobile device, used to identify it on a cellular network.

Purpose: The primary purpose of the IMEI is to provide a unique identifier for each mobile device, ensuring that no two devices have the same number.

How to Find the IMEI

• On the Device: The IMEI can usually be found on the back of the device, under the battery, or on the SIM card tray.
  
  
• In the Settings: On most smartphones, the IMEI can be found in the device settings, typically under "About Phone" or "Status."
  
  
• Dial Code: On most devices, dialing *#06# will display the IMEI number on the screen

Internet Service Provider (ISP):

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company or organization that provides individuals, businesses, and other entities with access to the internet. ISPs offer various services that enable users to connect to the internet. It  includes broadband, dial-up, and wireless internet access. 

Types of ISPs

1. Dial-Up ISPs:

Description: These ISPs provide internet access through a telephone line and a modem. Dial-up is one of the oldest forms of internet connection.

Advantages: Low cost, widely available in rural and remote areas.

Disadvantages: Slow speeds, cannot use the telephone and internet simultaneously.

2. Broadband ISPs:

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): Uses telephone lines to provide high-speed internet access.

Advantages: Faster than dial-up, can use the internet and phone simultaneously.

Disadvantages: Speed depends on distance from the provider’s central office.

Cable: Uses the same coaxial cables as cable television to provide high-speed internet.

Advantages: High-speed internet, widely available.

Disadvantages: Speed can be affected by network congestion.

Fiber Optic: Uses fiber optic cables to provide very high-speed internet.

Advantages: Extremely high speeds, reliable connection.

Disadvantages: Limited availability, higher cost.

3. Wireless ISPs:

Fixed Wireless: Uses radio signals to provide internet access. Typically used in rural areas.

Advantages: No need for physical cables, suitable for remote areas.

Disadvantages: Can be affected by weather and obstacles.

Mobile Broadband: Provides internet access through mobile networks (3G, 4G, 5G).

Advantages: Mobility, high-speed internet.

Disadvantages: Data limits, can be expensive.

4. Satellite ISPs:

Description: Provides internet access via satellites orbiting the Earth. Suitable for remote and rural areas.

Advantages: Available in areas where other types of internet are not.

Disadvantages: High latency, can be affected by weather, more expensive.

5. Community ISPs:

Description: Non-profit organizations or community-based ISPs providing internet access to local communities.

Advantages: Often cheaper, community-focused service.

Disadvantages: May have limited resources and coverage.

Network Protocols

Network protocols are standardized rules and conventions that allow devices to communicate over a network. It ensures that data is transmitted accurately and securely.

1.   TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):

 Description: A suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the
                       internet.

 Functions:

   TCP: Ensures reliable transmission of data by establishing a connection and checking for
              errors.

   IP: Handles the addressing and routing of packets to ensure they reach the correct destination.

2.   HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Secure):

    Description: Protocols used for transferring web pages on the internet.

    Functions:

    HTTP: Facilitates communication between web servers and clients (browsers).

   HTTPS: Provides secure communication by encrypting data exchanged between the client and
                  Server.

3.   FT   3. (File Transfer Protocol):

   Description: A protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server.

   Functions: Enables users to upload and download files from a remote server.

4.   SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):

   Description: A protocol for sending email messages between servers.

   Functions: Facilitates the transfer of email from a client to a mail server and between mail
                       servers.

5.   POP3/IMAP (Post Office Protocol v3/Internet Message Access Protocol):

   Description: Protocols used for retrieving emails from a mail server.

   Functions:

    POP3: Downloads emails from the server to the client and deletes them from the server.

    IMAP: Keeps emails on the server, allowing access from multiple devices.

Search Engines

A search engine is a website that provides the required data on specific topics.

Search engines turn the web into a powerful tool for finding information on any topic.

Any term typed in search bar, then the search engine will look for matching websites from all over the web.

Most of the search engines also have directories or lists of topics that are organized into categories.

Browsing these directories is also a very efficient way to find information on a given topic.

Yahoo

It is one of the Internet’s leading search engines.

It was launched on 2nd March, 1995.

Yahoo is also the largest web portal, providing links to thousands of other websites.

It links sites from the Yahoo! directory as well as news, stories that are updated several times in a day.

Lycos

It is a search engine whose database is very big.

It contains more than 66 million pages in its database.

It searches information on the basis of subjects.

It was established in 1994.

Lycos is the main search engine that does searching on the basis of directories.

WebCrawler

WebCrawler has a powerful search customization and a good selection of site reviews.

It is also called web spider or spider.

It visits websites and reads their pages and other information in order to create entries for a search engine index.

It was launched on 20th April, 1994.

 AltaVista:

It was a web search engine established in 1995.

AltaVista search engine has a spider called Scooter that traverses the web and UseNet newsgroups.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

A URL, or Uniform Resource Locator, is a reference or address used to access resources on the internet.

It is the "web address" that users type into their browsers to reach a website or a specific page on a website.

Domain Name System (DNS)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical component of the internet's infrastructure. It translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1) that computers use to identify each other on the network.

 How DNS Works?

 Domain Names:

Structure: Domain names are hierarchical and consist of multiple levels. For example,
                    www.example.com has:

        Top-Level Domain (TLD): .com

        Second-Level Domain: example

        Subdomain: www

Purpose: Domain names provide a user-friendly way to access websites and other resources on the internet.

Domain Abbreviation

Domains are organized by the type of organizations and by country. A three-letter abbreviation indicating the organization and usually two-letter abbreviation indicating the country name. Most common domain abbreviations for organizations are:

.info - Informational organization

.com - Commercial .gov - Government

.edu - Education

.mil - Military

.net - Network resources

.org - Usually non-profitable organization

Some domain abbreviations for country are:

.in - India

.au - Australia

.fr - France

.nz - New Zealand

.uk - United Kingdom

Wireless Connection:

• Wireless broadband can connect a home or business to the Internet using a radio link between the customer’s location and the service provider’s facility.
  
  
• Wireless broadband can be mobile or fixed.
  
  
• Unlike DSL and cable, wireless broadband requires neither a modem nor cables and as a result it can be easily established in areas.

(i) Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

It is a universal wireless networking technology that utilizes radio frequencies to transfer data.

Wi-Fi allows high speed Internet connections without the use of cables or wires.

Wi-Fi networks can be designed for private access within a home or business or be used for public Internet access at hotspots such as restaurants, coffee shops, hotels, airports, convention centers and city parks.

(ii) Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)

It is one of the popular broadband wireless technologies around today.

WiMAX systems are expected to deliver broadband access services to residential and enterprise customers in an economical way.

WiMAX is based on wireless MAX technology.

Hotspot

It is physical location where people can access the Internet, typically using Wi-Fi, via a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) with a router connected to an Internet service provider.

USB Tethering

Tethering is the process of sharing your phone’s mobile data to access the Internet on other devices, like a laptop.

USB tethering is a simple application that shares Internet connection from your smartphone to your computer through USB connection.

It is the fastest and most effective way to share your phone’s mobile data with other devices.

1. The vast network of computers that connects millions of people all over the world is called  

(a) LAN  

(b) Web  

(c) Hypertext  

(d) Internet

Answer: d

2. Two or more computers connected to each other for sharing information form a (a)  

(a) network  

(b) router  

(c) server  

(d) tunnel

Answer: a

3. Computer network is  

(a) collection of hardware components and computers  

(b) interconnected by communication channels  

(c) sharing of resources and information  

(d) All of the above

Answer: d

4. The hardware’s that are available to a computer on a particular network are known as………….  

(a) resources  

(b) clients  

(c) servers  

(d) protocols

Answer: a

5. The advantage of a LAN is  

(a) sharing peripherals  

(b) backing up your data  

(c) saving all your data  

(d) accessing the web

Answer: a

6. Cable TV network is an example of  

(a) LAN  

(b) MAN  

(c) WAN  

(d) PAN

Answer: b

7. Which type of network would use phone lines?  

(a) WAN  

(b) LAN  

(c) WWAN  

(d) Wireless

Answer: a

8. Geometric arrangement of devices on the network is called  

(a) topology  

(b) protocols  

(c) media  

(d) LAN

Answer: a

9. Network components are connected to the same cable in the …… topology.  

(a) Star  

(b) Ring  

(c) Bus  

(d) Mesh

Answer: c

9. Network components are connected to the same cable in the …… topology.  

(a) Star  

(b) Ring  

(c) Bus  

(d) Mesh

Answer: b

10. What is the central device in star topology?  

(a) STP server  

(b) Hub/Switch  

(c) PDC  

(d) Router

Answer: b

11. Which of the following topology, is least affected by addition/removal of a node?  

(a) Ring  

(b) Star  

(c) Bus  

(d) Net

Answer: b

12. The …… topology simulates hierarchical flow of data.  

(a) Star  

(b) Ring  

(c) Tree  

(d) Mesh

Answer: c

13. …… allows more devices to be attached to a single hub.  

(a) Star topology  

(b) Ring topology  

(c) Tree topology  

(d) Mesh topology

Answer: c

14. It is a network of networks that connects millions of computers.  

(a) LAN  

(b) MAN  

(c) Internet  

(d) Network

Answer: c

15. ARPANET stands for  

(a) Advance Research Project Agent Networks  

(b) Advance Research Project Agency Nodes  

(c) Actual Research Project Agency Networks  

((d) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Answer: d

16. The first computer network of the world is  

(a) iNet  

(b) NSFnet  

(c) ARPANET  

(d) Vnet

Answer: c

17. The WWW is made up of the set of interconnected …… that are linked together over the Internet.  

(a) Electronic documents  

(b) Web pages  

(c) Files  

Answer: b

18. Web page is created using language  

(a) XML  

(b) Java  

(c) C  

(d) HTML

Answer: d

19. A website is a collection of  

(a) web server  

(b) web page  

(c) web browser  

(d) WWW

Answer: b

20. Browsers are helpful to view  

(a) home pages  

(b) web pages  

(c) index pages  

(d) personal pages

Answer: b

21. URL stands for  

(a) Uniform Resource Locator  

(b) United Resource Link  

(c) Unicast Retrieve Location  

(d) Unifor m Residence Link

Answer: a

22. ............ is the Web address for a website or a web page.  

(a) Domain name  

(b) E-mail account  

(c) Home page  

(d) URL

Answer: d

23. The basic purpose of URL is to locate  

(a) web server  

(b) IP address  

(c) web page  

(d) node

Answer: b

24. An educational institution would generally have the following in its domain name.  

(a) .org  

(b) .edu  

(c) .inst  

(d) .com

Answer: b

25. Which is not the communication feature of Internet?  

(a) E-mail  

(b) Newsgroup  

(c) Chat  

(d) Designing

Answer: d

26. Video conferencing is use for  

(a) talking each other  

(b) communicating purpose  

(c) live conversation  

(d) All of the above

Answer: d

27. .............. includes sharing business information, maintaining business relationship and conducting business transaction by means of tele communication networks.  

(a) E-commerce  

(b) E-marketing  

(c) E-procurement  

(d) E-business

Answer: a

28. Which of the following website is not used for job search?  

(a) Monster. com  

(b) Recruitment. com  

(c) Naukri.com  

(d) MySpace

Answer: d

29. …… refers to the company that provides Internet connections to the users, usually for a fee.  

(a) Broadband connection  

(b) Dial-up connection  

(c) ISP (Internet Service Provider)  

(d) Wireless connection

Answer: c

30. Which of the following is not a type of broadband Internet connection?  

(a) Cable  

(b) DSL  

(c) Dial-up  

(d) Satellite

Answer: c

31. DSL is an example of which connection?  

(a) Network  

(b) Wireless  

(c) Slow  

(d) Broadband

Answer: d

32. Which of the following allows high speed Internet connections without use of cables or wires?  

(a) Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)  

(b) Fiber optic  

(c) Cable modem  

(d) Dial-up connection

Answer: a

33. Standard straight through cable is used for connecting computers with  

(a) router  

(b) switch  

(c) hub  

(d) All of these

Answer: d

34. ………… is the process of sharing your phone’s mobile data to access the Internet on other devices like laptop.  

(a) Protocol  

(b) Tethering  

(c) Browser  

(d) Topology

Answer: b

35. A set of rules is called  

(a) resource  

(b) protocol  

(c) server  

(d) client

Answer: b

36. Which protocol allows different computers to communicate by creating a network of networks?  

(a) TCP  

(b) FTP  

(c) IP  

(d) SMTP

Answer: c

37. Which of the following protocol allows delivery of voice communication over IP network?  

(a) VoIP  

(b) FTP  

(c) TCP/IP  

(d) PPP

Answer: a

38. ………… address is a logical numeric address that is assigned to every single computer or device. (  

a) MAC  

(b) IP  

(c) IMEI  

(d) None of these

Answer: b

39. Versions of IP (Internet Protocol) is /are  

(a) IPv4  

(b) IPv6  

(c) Both (a) and (b)  

(d) None of these

Answer: c

40. Which of the following is a 6-byte address that allows NIC to be uniquely identified on the network?  

(a) MAC  

(b) IP  

(c) IMEI  

(d) TCP

Answer: a

41. Which command is used to find MAC address of computer?  

(a) ipconfig/MAC/all  

(b) ipconfig/all  

(c) ipconfig/mac  

(d) ipconfig

Answer: b

42. Full form of IMEI  

(a) International Mobile Equipment Identity Identifier  

(b) International Mobile Equipment Identifier.  

(c) International Mobile Equipment Identification  

((d) International Message Equipment

Answer: a

43. How to find IMEI number on any phone?  

(a) *#04#  

(b) *#06#  

(c) *#06#*  

(d) #06#

Answer: b

44. A web browser is a software application for accessing information on the  

(a) WWW  

(b) website  

(c) web page L  

(d) UR

Answer: a

45. A browser is  

(a) the program to connect to Internet  

(b) the program to create websites  

(c) the program used to view sites on web  

(d) All of the above

Answer: d

46. Which of the following terms is used as a browser?  

(a) Netscape  

(b) WWW  

(c) Launcher  

(d) E-mail

Answer: a

48. Which of the following is developed by Apple incorporation?  

(a) Lynx  

(b) Opera  

(c) Safari  

(d) Mozilla

Answer: c

49. Which of the following is a text-based web browser?  

(a) Opera  

(b) Lynx  

(c) Safari  

(d) Mozilla firefox

Answer: b

50. A website that provides the required data on specific topics  

(a) domain  

(d) e-mail client  

(c) modem (  

d) search engine

Answer: d

51. Which of the following is a search engine?  

(a) Macromedia Flash  

(b) Google  

(c) Netscape  

(d) Librarian’s index to the index

Answer: b

52. There are numerous websites, which provide search facility for searching the contents on  

(a) Internet  

(b) website  

(c) web page  

(d) LAN

Answer: a

53. .............. is the process of saving some data from Internet to your own computer.  

(a) Conferencing  

(b) Downloading  

(c) Uploading  

(d) None of these

Answer: b

54. By default, web pages are saved in the ………… folder.  

(a) Download  

(b) Document  

(c) Picture  

(d) Music

Answer: b

55. Which of the following command is used to print a web page?  

(a) File  

(b) Edit  

(c) Both (a) and (b)  

(d) Insert

Answer: a

56. To print the web pages, which of the following shortcut key can be used?  

(a) Ctrl + P  

(b) Ctrl + V  

(c) Ctrl + C  

(d) Ctrl + S

Answer: a