Introduction To Operating System - CCC

Operating System

• Operating system is the system software that performs all the basic tasks of a computer system.
  
  
• It works like an interface between the user and the computer hardware resources.
  
  
• It actually controls the execution of all the tasks that are performed in a computer.
  
  
• Examples are Unix, MS-DOS, Windows 98/2000/XP.
  
  
• It enables a user to utilize hardware resources very efficiently

Functions of Operating System

1. Process Management

• A process is an application or a program in running state.
• Process management is the important part of an operating system which enables the activities of planning, monitoring and performance of a CPU.

2. Memory Management

• As a memory manager, the operating system handles the allocation and deallocation of memory space as required by various programs.
• Managing the primary memory, sharing and minimizing memory access time are the basic goals of the memory management.

3. File Management

• The operating system is responsible for creation and deletion of files and directories.
• It also takes care of other file related activities such as organizing, storing, retrieving, naming and protecting the files.

4. Input/output Management

• The input/output management module of an operating system coordinates and assigns different input and output devices.
• It controls all input/output devices, keeps track of input/output requests, issues commands to these devices

5. Security Management

• The operating system protects system resources and information against destruction and unauthorized use.
• It keeps different programs and data in such a manner that they do not interface with each other.

Operating Systems for Desktop and Laptop

1. UNIX 

• It is an operating system which was first developed in the 1969s. 
• UNIX systems have a Graphical User Interface (GUI) similar to different Microsoft Windows which provides an easy way to use platform. 
• It supports fully multi-tasking with protected memory which means multiple users can run multiple programs at the same time without interfering with each other or crashing the system. 
• UNIX was one of the first operating system to be written in a high level programming language, namely C.

2. Linux 

• It is an open source operating system designed primarily for the PCs and laptops. 
• Linux was designed considering Unix compatibility. 
• Its functionality list is quite similar to that of Unix. 
• It is a virus free operating system.

3. Mac OS (Apple Macintosh) 

• It is an operating system which was introduced on March 24, 2001 by Apple Inc.
• It was initially named as system software, which was later renamed as Mac OS.

4. MS-Windows 

• It is a series of Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating systems developed, marketed and sold by Microsoft. 
  
• Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs).

Versions of Windows Operating System

I. Windows NT (New Technology)

• The first version of Windows NT was Windows NT 3.1 released in July 27, 1993 by Microsoft. It is a processor independent, multi-processing, multi-user operating system

II. Windows 95

• It was developed in August, 1995 by Microsoft. It is an operating system based on consumer oriented application.
• It can run older Windows and DOS applications.

III. Windows 98

• It was released in 1998 by Microsoft. IV. Windows 2000
• It was released in February, 2000 by Microsoft. A better version of the Windows NT OS, that works well both at home and as a workstation in a business.

V. Windows ME (Millennium Edition)

• It was released in September, 2000 by Microsoft.

VI. Windows XP (eXPerience)

• It was released in October 25, 2001 by Microsoft. 
• It is an OS produced for personal computers. 
• Two versions of Windows XP are Windows XP Home Edition and Windows XP Professional Edition.

VII. Windows Vista

• It was released in January, 2007 by Microsoft.
• It offers an advancement in reliability , security, ease of deployment, performance and manageability over Windows XP.

VIII. Windows 7

• It was released in July 22, 2009 by Microsoft.
• It is an upgrade of Windows XP and Vista.

IX. Windows 8

• It was released in August 1, 2012 by Microsoft.

X. Windows 10

• It was released to manufacturing in July, 2015 by Microsoft.

5. Solaris 

• It is a free operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1993. 
• Oracle Solaris, as it is now known and owned by Oracle Corporation since Oracle’s acquisitions of Sun in January 2010.

6. MS-DOS (Microsoft-Disk Operating System) 

• It is an operating system that runs on PC and developed by IBM corporation in 1981.

Ubuntu Operating System

• It is an open source operating system based on the Debian GNU/Linux distribution.
• It incorporates all the features of a Unix OS with an added customizable GUI.
• It is popular in universities and research organisations.
• It is primarily designed to be used on personal computers, although a server editions does also exist.

Features of Ubuntu

• It supports the office suite called LibreOffice.
• It is easy to find content on Ubuntu with the smart searching facility.
• There are also applications to manage videos and it also allows the users to share videos.
• There are a host of free applications for users to view and edit photos.
• Ubuntu has an in-built e-mail software called Thunderbird, which gives the user access to e-mail.

1. Ubuntu is a/an  

(a) operating  

(b) office suite  

(c) desktop application  

(d) browser

Answer: a

2. The primary purpose of the operating system is  

(a) to make the most efficient use of the computer hardware  

(b) to allow people to use the computer  

(c) to keep systems programmer’s employed  

(d) to make computers easier to use

Answer: d

3. ........ Is responsible for creation and deletion of files and directories.  

. (a) Operating system  

(b) Application software  

(c) Programs  

(d) Peripherals

Answer: a

4. It provides scheduling to each process to be run on.  

(a) Time sharing OS  

(b) Distributed OS  

(c) Real-time OS  

(d) Single-user OS

Answer: a

5. An operating system is said to be multi-user, if  

(a) more than one programs can run simultaneously  

(b) more than one users can work simultaneously  

(c) Either (a) or (b)  

(d) All of the above

Answer: b

6. ............ provides process and memory management services that allow two or more tasks, jobs or programs to run simultaneously.  

(a) Multi-tasking  

(b) Multi-threading  

(c) Multi-processing  

(d) Multi-computing

Answer: a

7. The simultaneous processing of two or more programs by multiple processors is  

(a) multi-programming  

(b) multi-tasking  

(c) time sharing  

(d) multi-processing

Answer: d

8. ………… is an operating system which was first developed in 1969.  

(a) Windows  

(b) Mac Os  

(c) Linux  

(d) Unix

Answer: d

9. Linux is which type of operating system?  

(a) Open-Source  

(b) Microsoft  

(c) Windows  

(d) Mac

Answer: a

10. Which software is a series of graphical user interface operating systems developed by Microsoft?  

(a) Mac OS  

(b) MS-Windows  

(c) Linux  

(d) Solaris

Answer: b

11. Which operating system is developed by Apple Incorporation?  

(a) iOS  

(b) BlackBerry  

(c) Android  

(d) Symbian

Answer: a

12. BlackBerry also supports  

(a) WAP 1.0  

(b) WAP 1.2  

(c) WAP 1.5  

(d) None of these

Answer: b

13. GUI stands for  

(a) Graphical User Interface  

(b) Graphical Used Interface  

(c) Great User Interface  

(d) None of the above

Answer: a

14. GUI is used as an interface between  

(a) hardware and software  

(b) man and machine  

(c) program and user  

(d) None of the above

Answer: c

15. It uses pictures (called icons) and menus displayed on the screen to send commands to the computer system.  

(a) Command-based user interface  

(b) GUI  

(c) System Utility  

(d) API

Answer: b

16. The ‘desktop’ of a computer refers to  

(a) the visible screen  

(b) the area around the monitor  

(c) the top of the mouse pad  

(d) the inside of a folder

Answer: a

17. The image, displayed on the desktop of Ubuntu  

(a) main image  

(b) wallpaper  

(c) desktop image  

(d) windows image

Answer: b

18. A blinking indicator that shows you where your next action will happen, is  

(a) CPU  

(b) cursor  

(c) toolbar  

(d) boot

Answer: b

19. A small figure shown on the desktop screen with a program name is called  

(a) menu  

(b) photo  

(c) modem  

(d) icon

Answer: d

20. When you want to move an icon on your desktop, this is called  

(a) double clicking  

(b) highlighting  

(c) dragging  

(d) pointing

Answer: c

21. All the deleted files go to -  

(a) trash  

(b) task bar  

(c) status bar (d) computer  

(d) computer

Answer: a

22. Date and time are available on the desktop at -  

(a) Keyboard 

(b) Recycle Bin  

(c) status bar  

(d) computer

Answer: c

23. ………… represents the details of current keyboard layout and related setting.  

(a) Text entry indicator  

(b) Clock indicator  

(c) Session indicator  

(d) Network indicator

Answer: a

24. The long horizontal bar at the bottom of desktop is known as  

(a) Status bar  

(b) Task bar  

(c) Menu bar  

(d) Title bar

Answer: b

25. Left pane of the Ubuntu window includes option(s) as  

(a) Desktop  

(b) Documents  

(c) Music  

(d) All of these

Answer: d

26. To shrink a window to an icon,  

(a) open a group window  

(b) minimize a window  

(c) maximize a window  

(d) restore a window

Answer: b

27. Applications can be run using  

(a) launcher  

(b) Search Your Computer  

(c) Both (a) and (b)  

(d) None of the above

Answer: c

28. With the help of which icon in launcher, you can change mouse properties, display properties etc?  

(a) Ubuntu Software  

(b) System Settings  

(c) Search Your Computer  

(d) Trash

Answer: b

29. Mouse & Touchpad option is available under which section of System Settings?  

(a) Personal  

(b) Hardware  

(c) System  

(d) Properties

Answer: b

30. Which tab is used to represent the clock in menubar of desktop background?  

(a) Time & Date  

(b) Clock  

(c) Both (a) and (b)  

(d) Menu

Answer: b

31. To open Time & Date dialog box, follow which steps?  

(a) System Settings ® System ® Time & Date option  

(b) System Settings ® Hardware ® Time & Date option  

(c) System Settings ® Personal ® Time & Date option  

(d) None of the above

Answer: a

32. With the help of which option, you can change display properties?  

(a) Display  

(b) Appearance  

(c) Wallpaper  

(d) Background

Answer: b

33. In which section, Displays icon is present?  

(a) Hardware  

(b) Personal  

(c) System  

(d) Wallpaper

Answer: a

34. By ………… icon from launcher, you can add or remove softwares or programs.  

(a) Search Your Computer  

(b) System Settings  

(c) Trash  

(d) Ubuntu Software

Answer: d

35. Which tab(s) is/are available in the Ubuntu Software window? of these 

(a) All  

(b) Installed  

(c) Updates  

(d) All Software

Answer: d

36. By which icon from launcher, printer can be add?  

(a) Search Your Computer  

(b) Trash  

(c) System Settings  

(d) Ubuntu Software

Answer: c

37. Which option from drop down menu is used to share printer?  

(a) Properties  

(b) Sharing  

(c) Shared  

(d) Networking

Answer: a

38. A ............ is a collection of information saved as a unit.  

(a) Folder  

(b) File  

(c) Path  

(d) File extension

Answer: b

39. What is a file?  

(a) A file is a section of main storage used to store data  

(b) A file is a collection of information that has been given a name and have an extension  

(c) A file is the part of a program that is used to describe what the program should do  

(d) A file can be saved only in CDs

Answer: b

40. Files are organised after storing in  

(a) archives  

(b) folders  

(c) indices  

(d) lists

Answer: b

41. File extensions are used in order to  

(a) name the file  

(b) ensure the file name is not lost  

(c) identify the file  

(d) identify the file type

Answer: d

42. What is the file extension of Writer?  

(a) .eml  

(b) .wrt  

(c) .odf  

(d) .txt

Answer: c

43. A named area on a disk that is used to store related sub folders and files is called as a ............  

(a) desktop  

(b) folder  

(c) menu  

(d) window

Answer: b

44. ...... may be included in other folder while making hierarchical folder structure.  

(a) Mini folder  

(b) Tiered folder  

(c) Sub folder  

(d) Object

Answer: c

45. Which shortcut key is used to delete file permanently?  

(a) Shift + Delete  

(b) Ctrl + Delete  

(c) Alt + Delete  

(d) Shift + Ctrl + Delete

Answer: a